Rice

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://104.225.218.216/handle/123456789/13

Disease and Pest resistance, Drought Tolerance, Tolerance to low fertility soils, Yield improvement, Pre- and post-harvest management, upland and low land varieties, Nutrition enhancement.

Browse

Now showing 1 - 10 of 10

Modest Ag-Extension and Access to Seeds of Aromatic Rice Can Boost Returns of Smallholder Farmers in Uganda, A Case Study
(Agriculture Journal, 2022-08-06) Simon Alibu; Morish Obura; James Ekebu; Doreen Nampamya; Jimmy Lamo; Godfrey Asea; Tae-Seon Park
Limited farmer access to quality seeds of improved varieties and knowledge gaps in good agronomic practices are the major factors limiting rice productivity among smallholder farmers in Uganda. Promoting high yielding aromatic rice varieties alongside good agronomic practices can unlock commercial opportunities for smallholder farmers in rice cultivation, given that 80% of rice consumers in Uganda prefer aromatic rice, which is in short supply. This case study highlights a project’s achievements to accelerate the adoption of improved aromatic rice varieties among smallholder farmers in Uganda. This project supported a few selected farmers with the seed of a new aromatic rice variety, NARORICE-1, and equipped them with agronomic skills to raise their yields from an average of 3.1 to 4.1 t/ha. Line transplanting was identified as a crucial technology to increase rice yields among smallholders. Costly and inaccessible crop-enhancing inputs such as seeds and fertilizers, and an unfair distribution of irrigation water were the two main obstacles farmers face in rice production. Farmers valued NARORICE-1 for its aroma, high yield, and early maturity. The project’s training of a community seed producer improved farmers’ access to NARORICE- 1 seeds, increasing its adoption by 20% in two years. NARORICE-1 is much more in demand than any other variety and attracts a better price, making it an ideal innovation for increasing productivity and farmer’s incomes. An effective seed system and continuous farmer training are vital for accelerating impact.
Agronomic Evaluation of Alternative Lowland Rice Varieties for Farmers in Uganda; A Case of Aromatic Rice
(Journal of Food Security, 2022-09-16) Simon Alibu; Morish Obura; James Ekebu; Doreen Nampamya; Jimmy Lamo; Godfrey Asea; Tae-Seon Park
Rice has recently become an important crop for tackling food insecurity and poverty in Uganda. Over three-quarters of the country's local rice production occurs in irrigated and rain-fed lowlands in eastern and northern Uganda. However, breeding programs and seed systems have only partially met farmers' expectations for new lowland rice varieties and seeds recently, so farmers are sticking with old varieties. However, a new high-yielding, early-maturing, and most importantly, aromatic variety, NARORICE-1, released in 2019, seems to offer a new ray of hope for lowland rice farmers. This study compared the agronomic performance of NARORICE-1 and two promising KAFACI lines to a popular farmer's variety, WITA-9, in central, eastern, and northern Uganda. These varieties were evaluated for growth and yield response to higher seedling counts per hill when transplanted. Doho was the most productive location with an average rice yield of 6.1 t ha–1, significantly higher than NaCRRI and Olweny with 3.9 and 3.7 t ha–1, respectively. The yield performance of NARORICE-1 was comparable to that of the popular farmer's variety WITA-9. Increasing the number of seedlings per hill from three to seven during transplanting had no clear effect on the paddy yield of NARORICE-1. Besides higher yield potential, NARORICE-1's other additional beneficial traits such as aroma, shorter growing time, and higher milling efficiency have made it one of the growers' favorites.
Primed Seeds of NERICA 4 Stored for Long Periods under High Temperature and Humidity Conditions Maintain Germination Rates
(Applied Sciences, 2023-02-23) Emmanuel Kiprono Bore; Eri Ishikawa; Julie Ann Mher Alcances Libron; Keita Goto; Emmanuel Odama; Yoshihiro Nakao; Shin Yabuta; Jun-Ichi Sakagami
Agriculture depends on the ability of seeds to survive until the next planting season under ambient conditions that may be averse to seed quality even when the seed is in a quiescent state. Seed priming invigorates seeds, but the impact on the longevity of seeds has limited its adoption. This study investigated the effect of the storage of primed rice seed on seed viability, vigor, and longevity. Three seed priming methods were employed on the rice cultivar New Rice for Africa (NERICA 4) seeds. Subsequently, the seeds were stored for 120 days at 25 ◦C and 65% relative humidity, simulating the ambient seed storage conditions of the tropics and sub-tropics. The primed seed recorded increased vigor compared to the non-primed seed until 90 days of storage. However, seed storage for 120 days reduced seed vigor and viability for all the seeds. The results indicated a significant reduction in seed vigor, increased solute leakage, generation of hydrogen peroxide, and accumulation of malondialdehyde after storage. Priming enhances cell membrane integrity and maintains seed vigor in storage at near ambient conditions long enough before reversal of its performance by the storage conditions. This assures that primed seed can either be stored until the following planting season or remain viable in the soil during delayed germination.
Genetic diversity and epidemic histories of rice yellow mottle virus in Ghana
(Virus Research, 2023-03-30) Emmanuel Gilbert Omiat; Maxwell Darko Asante; Valentin Stanislas Edgar Traor ́e; Allen Oppong; Beatrice Elohor Ifie; Kirpal Agyemang Ofosu; Jamel Aribi; Agnes Pinel-Galzi; Aurore Comte; Denis Fargette; Eug ́enie H ́ebrard; Oumar Traor ́e; Samuel Kwame Offei; Eric Yirenkyi Danquah; Nils Poulicard
Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) has persisted as a major biotic constraint to rice production in Africa. However, no data on RYMV epidemics were available in Ghana, although it is an intensive rice-producing country. Surveys were performed from 2010 to 2020 in eleven rice-growing regions of Ghana. Symptom observations and serological detections confirmed that RYMV is circulating in most of these regions. Coat protein gene and complete genome sequencings revealed that RYMV in Ghana almost exclusively belongs to the strain S2, one of the strains covering the largest area in West Africa. We also detected the presence of the S1ca strain which is being reported for the first time outside its area of origin. These results suggested a complex epidemiological history of RYMV in Ghana and a recent expansion of S1ca to West Africa. Phylogeographic analyses reconstructed at least five in- dependent RYMV introductions in Ghana for the last 40 years, probably due to rice cultivation intensification in West Africa leading to a better circulation of RYMV. In addition to identifying some routes of RYMV dispersion in Ghana, this study contributes to the epidemiological surveillance of RYMV and helps to design disease management strategies, especially through breeding for rice disease resistance.
Effect of Weeding Regime and Row Direction on Growth and Yield of Upland Rice in Uganda
(International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 2023-04-11) M. G. Kaiira; L. Owere; M. Elesu; B. Chemayek; J. Etiang
A study determined the effects of row direction and integrated weed management on the growth, productivity and economics of upland rice at Ikulwe Research Station using a completely randomized block design, replicated thrice with NAMCHE 5 upland rice in Uganda (2021b & 2022b). 12 treatments with 6 weeding regimes namely Pre- emergence Butanil (PREB) + 1hand hoeing (HH), 2HH, 3HH, PREB + Post emergence Butanil (POEB), weekly weeding (42 days) and control (EW & NS orientation) were adopted. Nitrogen (100 kg) Phosphorus (60 kg) and Potash (40 kg) were applied ha-1. Collected data on plant height, tillers, leaves, panicles; and grains were subjected to ANOVA (13th edition Genstat). Higher growth and yield parameters were in EW than NS direction. Leaves (27-28 leaves), height (65-70 cm), tillers (5-6 tillers and panicles (4-5 panicles) plant-1 were high under 2HH, PREB +1HH, PREB + POEB and 3HH (EW) compared to similar treatments in NS direction during 2021b and 2022b. Grain yield (2.34 t ha-1; HH), (2.26 t ha- 1; PREB + 1 HH), (2.01 t ha-1; PREB + POEB), (1.89 t ha-1; 3HH) was significantly high in 2021b. During 2022b increased panicles (4-5 panicles), panicle length (21 cm), grains panicle-1 (110-117 grains) and grain yield (3.8 - 4.4 t ha-1) were recorded relative to 2021b. Weekly weeding (EW) developed high grains panicle-1 (102 grains) and grain yield (3.0 t ha-1) in 2022b relative to reduced tillers (4.5 tillers), filled panicles (3.6 panicles) and grain yield (1.9 t ha-1) in 2021b. Row directions had no effect on leaf width and grass biomass was numerically higher under EW than NS direction. Benefit Cost Ratios and Marginal Rate of Returns were optimum under 2HH and PREB + 1HH (EW). 2HH and PREB + 1HH (EW) may be recommended in Uganda having been the most economic technologies.
Effect of P-Dipping on Growth of NERICA 4 Rice in Different Soil Types at Initial Growth Stages
(Sustainability, 2023-10-28) Emmanuel Odama; Yasuhiro Tsujimoto; Shin Yabuta; Isao Akagi; Rael Chepkoech; Ibrahim Soe; Jun-Ichi Sakagami
Phosphorus (P) deficiency resulting from P fixation is a major constraint limiting sustainable rice cultivation in sub-Saharan Africa. Soil texture also affects P availability and use efficiency. In a factorial experiment, we evaluated the combined effect of soil texture (sand, clay loam, and clay) and P treatments P-dipping (Pdip) and two other broadcasted P fertilizer levels (Brod1 and Brod2) on the growth of NERICA 4 rice in the initial growth stages. Across all soil textures and P treatments, total plant biomass ranged from 1.06 to 4.63 g pot−1. The Pdip treatment significantly increased shoot and root biomass relative to control from 1.27 to 1.98 and 0.23 to 0.38 g pot−1, respectively. Mean photosynthetic rate values under Pdip (20.1 μmol m−2 s−1), Brod2 (19.5 μmol m−2 s−1), and Brod1 (19.3 μmol m−2 s−1) treatments showed significant 42%, 37%, and 36% increases over control, regardless of soil texture. In a striking contrast, P-dipping significantly promoted growth of root length under clay soil, but without a commensurate increase in shoot P uptake. Contrary to our hypothesis, the interactive effect of soil texture and P-dipping influenced NERICA 4 shoot and root physiological and morphological characteristics under clay loam soil texture as opposed to clay.
SMALLHOLDER FARMERS’ TRUST AND COMMITMENT INFLUENCE COLLECTIVE MARKETING OUTCOMES FOR THE RICE PRODUCER ORGANIZATIONS IN MID- WESTERN UGANDA
(International Journal of Agricultural Extension, 2023-12-10) Pauline Birungi; Jacob G. Agea; Irene Bayiyana; Florence B. Kyazze; Lucy W. Mulugo; Sulaiman Ndaula
The ability of a collective marketing arrangement to market smallholder produce comes from the unity and attributes of its members. This study determined the influence of trust and commitment of smallholder rice farmers on the collective marketing outcomes of collective marketing organizations of mid-western Uganda. A cross-section design, involving two surveys was used to obtain data from 361 smallholder rice farmers, who subscribed to farmer groups and associations that promoted collective bulking, storage and marketing of rice. The first survey captured farmers’ perceptions of trust (integrity, benevolence and propensity) and commitment (affective, continuance and normative) while the second estimated farmers’ participation in collective marketing and the intensity with which those who participated marketed their rice collectively. Using Double-Hurdle regression, this study showed the main drivers of participation in collective marketing to be integrity (β= 0.11; P<0.05) and benevolence (β= -0.13; P<0.05) in the domain of trust. Farmers who subscribed to farmer associations were also more likely to participate in collective marketing than counterparts subscribing to farmer groups (β= 0.64; P<0.001). Trust and commitment influenced the intensity of collective marketing. Particularly, farmers with higher integrity trust (β= 0.16; P<0.001) and propensity trust (β= 0.15; P<0.001), and affective commitment (β= 0.13; P<0.05) and continuance commitment (β= 0.12; P<0.05) collectively marketed more rice volumes. The revelation that members’ trust, commitment and being subscribed to farmer associations attract more participation higher volumes of rice marketed collectively means that higher-level forms of organizations enhance trust and commitment towards collective marketing. Extension agents and policymakers should promote higher forms of farmer organizations that enhance the trust and commitment of members to their collective marketing arrangements.
Performance of Direct-Seeded Upland Rice-Based Intercropping Systems Under Paired Rows in East-West Orientation
(Journal of Agricultural Science, 2024-03-15) M. G. Kaiira; Kisho Miyamoto; N. Kasozi; M. Elesu; E. Bayega
Production potential of rice based intercropping systems with legumes in Uganda is little known. Studies were conducted at Ikulwe Station of the National Agricultural Research Organisation to evaluate upland rice-based intercropping systems under paired-rows in the EW direction. A randomized complete block design with 3 replications was adopted during 2022 and 2023 with 8 pure stand and intercropped treatments. Adjustment from conventional planting to paired rows recorded high rice height and significant 1000 seed weights. In 2022 the 2 pure rice treatments produced significantly more tillers and panicles but legume intercrops reduced numbers of rice tillers and panicles. Intercropping significantly reduced the beans height (48%) and soybean pods (41%) during both years and also reduced the pods filling for beans (66%), groundnuts (36%) and soybeans (18.3%) during 2022. Although paired rice did not influence rice yield during both years, lower mean yield for rice (19.8%), beans (35%), groundnuts (33%) and soybeans (30.5%) were recorded. Lower legume intercrop yields were similarly recorded for beans (70%), groundnuts (73%) and soybeans (62%) during 2023. Partial (p) land equivalent ratios (LER) for intercrops were not significant and less than unity, but the one for rice intercropped with beans increased to more than unity (1.06) during 2023. All combined LER for rice-legumes were more than unity and the pLER of sole crops was 1.0. Rice + beans recorded high area time equivalent ratio during the 2 years while high relative equivalent yield and monetary advantage indices were recorded under rice + soybeans. Rice was more aggressive than other crops and intercropped treatments recorded higher Total Rice Grain yield equivalent (TRGYE) than sole rice. Rice + soybeans (2022) and rice + beans (2023) scored higher TRGY. The findings suggest that farmers can intercrop soybean in rice under paired rows in EW orientation for more benefits.
Effects of Selected Crops on Germination and Growth of Bidens pilosa and other Weeds.
(International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 2024-04-06) M. G Kaiira; Y. Baguma; E. Atwijukire; L Owere; J Etiang; B Chemayek
A screen house pot study was done at Uganda National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge in Uganda during September-December 2021. Profiled metabolites from 5-donor plants; Mucuna pruriens, L. (Mc), Cymbopogon nardus L. (C), Desmodium uncinatum Jacq. DC. (D), (Zea mays, L. (Mz) and New Rice for Africa 1 (NERICA 1) were Terpenoids and Phenols. NERICA 1 (R) is a cross of Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima. C produced 10 terpenoids + 1 ester, R and D each released 6 Terpenoids + 3 Phenols. Mc produced 2 Terpenoids + 4 Phenols and 5 Terpenoids + 4 Phenols were profiled from Mz. Completely randomised block design were adopted with 3 replicates and eight combinations of 3 leaf+stem+root powders namely; Mc+D+C, Mz+Mc+C, RDC, Mc+D+C, Mz+R+Mc, Mz+D+Mc, R+Mc+C and Mz+R+C, mixed with 1.5 kg soil (15, 30 and 45 %, w/w). Controls had no powders. Mixtures were placed in plastic pots and 20 seeds of Biden pilosa L. were sown in each pot. Every 2 days, 200 ml of water was applied to all treatments for 60 days. Mz+Mc controlled B. pilosa and volunteer weeds relative to R+C and C+D. Weed germination and biomass reduced with increased powder doses. Volunteer monocot weeds were more inhibited than dicots. High potential exists for functional allelopathy using allelochemicals in the donor plants to develop bio-herbicides.
Innovations in collective marketing of rice among smallholder farmers’ associations in mid-western Uganda using a value chain framework
(JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, EXTENSION AND TECHNOLOGY, 2024-11-09) Pauline Birungi; Jacob Agea; Irene Bayiyana; Florence Birungi; Lucy Mulugo; Sulaiman Ndaula
Farmers’ collective marketing arrangements are a plausible strategy for correcting inef- ficiencies that constrain smallholder farmers’ participation in the market economy, yet a few of these arrangements are viable eventually. This study aimed to explore the constraints faced by farmers' associations and the innovations that enabled them to sustainably market rice in mid-western Uganda. Using a descriptive design and case study approach, data were obtained from three farmers' associations and 45 affiliated farmers. Content analysis using value chain approach indicated inbound logistics to be the most constrained, mostly by low-quality rice output and high transaction costs. Operations were constrained by high pressure on members to have cash before harvesting whereas delayed payments for sold rice were the major challenge in the outbound logistics stage. With the I-index of 63 for the inbound logistics stage, 69 for operations, and 79 for outbound logistics, the study suggests that there were more organizational-based innovations at the inbound logistics stage than any other stages, that became less widespread with progress through the chain towards outbound logistics stage. Innovations at inbound logistics stage included brokering of services, giving farmers access to quality seed, rental of agro-equipment and irrigation ser- vices. It is concluded that collective marketing arrangements innovate around inbound logistics, creating a production-led chain that caters for absentee markets. This could also mean that the leadership of associations is not strategic. Therefore, extension workers need to support association leadership to develop their capacity in strategic management. Pol- icy-led subsidies that stimulate innovations by associations that increase their ownership of stores in rice-demanded areas are recommended.

Browse

Browsing Rice by Issue Date